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Table 2 Median TEWL values recorded (gâ‹…m− 2â‹…h− 1) for each step (a-d) of the skin preparation procedure including SLS treatment at different concentrations. The TEWL was measured four times at different locations on each skin piece immediately after each step of the skin preparation procedure (a-b) and three times 30 min after thawing the skin (c) and 20 min after removing the SLS treatment (d). The range of these repeated measurements, somewhat indicative of intra- and inter individual variations, is represented by min and max values

From: Retention of nickel, cobalt and chromium in skin at conditions mimicking intense hand hygiene practices using water, soap, and hand-disinfectant in vitro

Piglet identification

PIG 1

PIG 2

PIG 3

PIG 1 & 4

PIG 2 & 4

Median

(min; max)

Median

(min; max)

Median

(min; max)

Median

(min; max)

Median

(min; max)

Preparation of skin for experiment

a)

After rinsing with lukewarm water in situ

11.35

(5.8; 15)

8.10

(6.8; 12.2)

4.25

(3.1; 6.1)

4.85

(2.9; 15.0)

5.35

(2.9; 9.0)

b)

Excised skin

4.55

(4.3; 5.3)

9.20

(7.9; 9.8)

4.10

(3.8; 4.4)

5.15

(4.3; 7.4)

7.65

(5.0; 9.8)

Skin stored in freezer for up to 3 months

c)

After thawing

7.15

(6.6; 7.8)

8.75

(6.8; 10.7)

6.95

(6.2; 8.5)

7.40

(5.5; 9.4)

6.90

(6.0; 10.8)

 

SLS concentration

0.5%*

1%*

2%*

5%**

10%**

d)

After SLS treatment

11.20

(7.8; 14.8)

10.75

(9.4; 13.4)

9.15

(7.7; 10.8)

13.10

(9.3; 31.0)

11.10

(9.4; 26.2)

 

∆TEWL (d-c)

4.05

2.00

2.20

5.70***

4.20

  1. *skin from one piglet for each concentration, four samples, n = 4
  2. **skin from two different piglets for each concentration, eight samples, n = 8
  3. ***SLS 5% was chosen to treat skin samples with for Part II and Part III, since it produced the highest change in ∆TEWL