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Table 3 Association between psychological hazards and health effects among MFDRs

From: Assessment of occupational hazards, health effects, and personal protective equipment usage among motorcycle food delivery riders in Thailand: a cross-sectional survey

Health Effect

Exposures

Stress from commuting/traffic

Stress from customer behavior

Stress from long-shift work

Stress from income uncertainty

Stress from a highly competitive environment

aOR

(95% CI)

p-value

aOR

(95% CI)

p-value

aOR

(95% CI)

p-value

aOR

(95% CI)

p-value

aOR

(95% CI)

p-value

Headache

2.43 (1.74,3.38)

< 0.001**

1.84 (1.30,2.62)

< 0.001**

2.05 (1.45,2.90)

< 0.001**

1.98 (1.42,2.76)

< 0.001**

1.87 (1.35,2.60)

< 0.001**

Insomnia

2.93 (1.95,4.40)

< 0.001**

1.78 (1.18,2.70)

0.007*

3.13 (2.08,4.71)

< 0.001**

3.42 (2.16,5.44)

< 0.001**

2.72 (1.77,4.17)

< 0.001**

Feeling

Depressed

2.85 (1.42,5.71)

0.003*

1.49 (0.74,3.00)

0.270

2.90 (1.47,5.74)

0.002*

3.6 (1.55,8.37)

0.003*

2.34 (1.13,4.86)

0.023*

  1. The association between psychological Hazards and health effects among MFDRs was identified by multivariable logistic regression analysis with adjustment for confounders, including sex, age, working hours per day, sleep hours per day and income per day. * Significant association at p < 0.05 ** Highly significant association at p < 0.001