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Table 2 Association between Biomechanical hazards and work-related musculoskeletal disorders among MFDRs

From: Assessment of occupational hazards, health effects, and personal protective equipment usage among motorcycle food delivery riders in Thailand: a cross-sectional survey

Health Effect

Exposures

Awkward Positions

Static Positions

Repetitive Movements

Whole body vibration

aOR

(95% CI)

p-value

aOR

(95% CI)

p-value

aOR

(95% CI)

p-value

aOR

(95% CI)

p-value

Neck

1.60

(1.15,2.22)

0.005*

3.60

(2.39,5.43)

< 0.001**

2.70

(1.87,3.90)

< 0.001**

2.75

(1.92,3.94)

< 0.001**

Shoulder

1.28

(0.92,1.77)

0.147

3.37

(2.26,5.03)

< 0.001**

2.89

(2.00,4.17)

< 0.001**

2.26 (1.60,3.20)

< 0.001**

Elbow

2.69

(1.33,5.47)

0.006*

3.01

(1.03,8.81)

0.044*

7.62

(1.79,32.39)

0.006*

4.94 (1.48,16.46)

0.009*

Wrist

1.65

(1.15,2.37)

0.007*

3.62

(2.20,5.95)

< 0.001**

3.35

(2.12,5.30)

< 0.001**

3.42

(2.20,5.32)

< 0.001**

Upper back

1.67

(1.16,2.42)

0.006*

3.75

(2.23,6.29)

< 0.001**

2.54

(1.64,3.95)

< 0.001**

2.74 (1.77,4.25)

< 0.001**

Lower back

1.21

(0.86,1.70)

0.275

3.12

(2.04,4.76)

< 0.001**

2.97

(2.00,4.41)

< 0.001**

2.22 (1.54,3.20)

< 0.001**

Thigh

1.68

(1.16,2.43)

0.006*

4.24

(2.45,7.34)

< 0.001**

2.36

(1.52,3.67)

< 0.001**

3.40 (2.14,5.40)

< 0.001**

Knee

1.52

(0.98,2.37)

0.062

4.45

(2.19,9.05)

< 0.001**

3.34

(1.82,6.14)

< 0.001**

1.83 (1.11,3.02)

0.017*

Ankle

1.74

(1.13,2.66)

0.011*

4.80

(2.36,9.75)

< 0.001**

3.74

(2.03,6.87)

< 0.001**

3.24 (1.85,5.68)

< 0.001**

  1. The association between biomechanical hazards and health effects among MFDRs was identified by multivariable logistic regression analysis with adjustment for confounders, including sex, age, working hours per day and body mass index. * Significant association at p < 0.05 ** Highly significant association at p < 0.001