Psychological morbidity among coal miners compared to other occupations in Appalachia

Table 3 Association of Coal Mining Exposure and Trauma with Depression, anxiety, and PTSD

	Sample	Frequency n (%)	Unadjusted models	Adjusted models
Depression (PHQ8 ≥ 10)
All respondents	1428	217 (15%)
Any coal mining occupation			OR (95% CI)
No	1201	164 (14%)	Referent	Referent
Yes	227	53 (23%)	1.93 (1.4, 2.7)	1.62 (1.1, 2.4)
Anxiety (GAD7 ≥ 10)
All respondents	1428	139 (10%)
Any coal mining occupation			OR (95% CI)
No	1201	103 (9%)	Referent	Referent
Yes	227	36 (16%)	2.01 (1.3, 3.0)	1.73 (1.1, 2.7)
Post-traumatic Stress (PTSD screener ≥ 3)
Respondents reporting trauma	711	184 (26%)
Any coal mining occupation			OR (95% CI)
No	584	152 (26%)	Referent	Referent
Yes	127	32 (25%)	0.96 (0.6, 1.5)	0.80 (0.5, 1.3)

PHQ-8 has a range of 0–24 points. GAD-7 has a range of 0–21 points; PTSD has a range of 0–5 points.
OR = Odds ratio Odds ratios from logistic regression models.
Adjusted logistic regression models for depression and anxiety control for trauma (work-related or non-work related), age, smoking status, obesity, and educational level (see Table 1). Models for PTSD are limited to those reporting trauma; the adjusted model includes age, smoking status, and educational level.

ISSN: 1745-6673