Table 3 Descriptive data and analyses of Variance (ANOVAs) results for between-manipulations-comparisons (FFP2 vs. no mask) for spiroergometric data (ventilatory outcomes, pulmonary gas exchange measures and heart rate), blood gas analysis measures and subjective outcomes during walking and stair climbing. *indicates significant between-manipulations-effects

Breathing frequency

(Breaths per minute)

29.00,

5.60

24.80,

4.77

p < 0.001*

n² = 0.658

F(15) = 28.9

35.90,

4.63

32.30,

6.34

p = 0.04

n² = 0.429

F(15) = 11.2

Tidal volume (Liter)

1.28,

0.24

1.22,

0.17

p = 0.22

n² = 0.1

F(15) = 1.65

1.66,

0.28

1.56,

0.38

p = 0.078

n² = 0.192

F(15) = 3.57

Ventilation

(Liter per minute)

35.10,

3.77

28.90,

5.88

p < 0.001*

n² = 0.714

F(15) = 37.4

57.30,

9.13

48.00,

9.35

p < 0.001*

n² = 0.88

F(15) = 110

Heart rate

(Beats per minute)

117.00,

18.80

116.00,

15.00

p = 0.488

n² = 0.033

F(15) = 0.51

150.00,

16.30

155.00,

18.30

p = 0.065

n² = 0.209

F(15) = 3.96

Oxygen uptake

(Milliliters per minute)

1522,

211

1347,

313

p = 0.013

n² = 0.348

F(15) = 8.02

2405,

501

2148,

450

p < 0.001*

n² = 0.685

F(15) = 32.6

Carbon dioxide exhalation

(Milliliters per minute)

1237,

173

1067,

209

p < 0.001*

n² = 0.566

F(15) = 19.5

2087,

376

1908,

426

p = 0.002

n² = 0.489

F(15) = 14.3

Respiratory exchange ratio

0.82,

0.05

0.80,

0.05

p = 0.381

n² = 0.051

F(15) = 0.814

0.88,

0.06

0.89,

0.06

p = 0.538

n² = 0.026

F(15) = 0.397

End tidal oxygen pressure

(Millimeters of mercury)

103.00,

4.73

100.00,

5.58

p = 0.024

n² = 0.297

F(15) = 6.33

104.00,

4.01

101.00,

4.27

p < 0.001*

n² = 0.817

F(15) = 67.2

End tidal carbon dioxide pressure

(Millimeters of mercury)

39.50,

3.78

40.90,

3.81

p = 0.0511

n² = 0.230

F(15) = 4.49

39.80,

3.79

43.20,

4.25

p < 0.001*

n² = 0.569

F(15) = 19.8

Oxygen partial pressure

(Millimeters of mercury)

83.50,

9.26

(n = 16)

81.00,

7.68

(n = 14)

p = 0.179

n² = 0.125

F(14) = 2.00

80.40,

10.70

(n = 14)

80.20,

7.95

(n = 14)

p = 0.994

n² = 0.000

F(13) = 0.00006

Carbon dioxide partial pressure

(Millimeters of mercury)

37.40,

3.25

(n = 16)

37.70,

3.48

(n = 14)

p = 0.575

n² = 0.025

F(13) = 0.330

37.30,

3.35

(n = 14)

37.20,

4.10

(n = 16)

p = 0.4111

n² = 0.053

F(13) = 0.721

pH value

7.43,

0.01

(n = 16)

7.43,

0.01

(n = 14)

p = 0.973

n² = 0.000

F(13) = 0.001

7.42,

0.02

(n = 14)

7.41,

0.03

(n = 16)

P = 0.148

n² = 0.156

F(13) = 2.27

Base Excess

(Millimoles per liter)

0.16,

1.98

(n = 16)

0.51,

1.98

(n = 14)

p = 0.609

n² = 0.021

F(13) = 0.274

-0.12,

2.56

(n = 14)

-0.89,

2.42

(n = 16)

p = 0.114

n² = 0.181

F(13) = 2.88

Lactate

(Millimoles per liter)

0.91,

0.33

(n = 16)

0.99,

0.32

(n = 14)

p = 0.346

n² = 0.069

F(13) = 0.958

1.68,

1.08

(n = 14)

1.71,

1.02

(n = 16)

p = 0.787

n² = 0.006

F(13) = 0.076

Perceived exertion

(Range 6–20)

8.45,

1.21

9.23,

1.60

p = 0.074

n² = 0.197

F(15) = 3.68

11.20,

1.56

11.80,

1.63

p = 0.142

n² = 0.138

F(15) = 2.40

Perceived dyspnoea

(Range 6–20)

8.69,

1.20

11.00,

1.48

p < 0.001*

n² = 0.605

F(15) = 22.9

11.20,

1.85

12.90,

1.58

P = 0.003

n² = 0.462

F(15) = 12.9

Perceived pain

(Range 1–10)

1.34,

0.74

1.63,

1.06

p = 0.191

n² = 0.111

F(15) = 1.88

2.33,

1.45

1.93,

1.16

p = 0.120

n² = 0.153

F(15) = 2.71